Even if Hamas disarms, the challenge in Gaza will be accountability

Hamas agreeing to disarmament has sparked discussions about a potential future for Gaza, but significant challenges remain. Under a recent roadmap, Hamas, alongside other Palestinian armed factions, would surrender their weapons in stages, allowing Israel to withdraw its forces and hand over governance to a Palestinian transitional administration.

However, Israel remains wary of Hamas's intentions and insists on disarmament before withdrawing. The Gaza Peace Plan, which is at the core of this agreement, is controversial due to its potential for granting amnesty to Hamas leaders without any mention of Israeli officials. This raises concerns about accountability and justice, as unresolved grievances may undermine the prospects of lasting peace and reconciliation.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has been investigating alleged crimes committed in Gaza, West Bank, and East Jerusalem since 2014, issuing arrest warrants for Israeli and Hamas officials. Nevertheless, the court's credibility is being questioned due to its prosecutor's removal amid sexual misconduct allegations. The latest developments occur in a turbulent period for international criminal justice, with the Trump administration expressing a desire to dismantle the ICC.

While disarmament is a crucial step, it must be accompanied by the establishment of functioning institutions, economic recovery, and credible security arrangements. Building trust and durable peace will be far more challenging, as seen in Northern Ireland's Good Friday Agreement, which succeeded due to comprehensive political, institutional, and social reforms.

Holding those responsible accountable and ensuring justice will be essential for Gaza's healing, even if Hamas disarms.