Functional trait-mediated limiting similarity shapes weed biomass acquisition, fecundity, and reproductive phenology

The study investigates how functional trait-mediated limiting similarity influences weed biomass acquisition, fecundity, and reproductive phenology in crop-weed interactions. The authors examined four eudicot and two monocot weed species in two crops, Glycine max and Zea mays. Results showed that weed biomass and fecundity were lower in G. max compared to Z. mays, while the opposite was true for the monocot weeds in Z. mays compared to G. max.

Additionally, greater functional similarity between crops and weeds correlated with increased seed shattering across all weed species. The findings suggest that crop-weed functional similarity could serve as a valuable predictor of weed biomass, fecundity, and seed shattering in competitive environments, such as crops and cover crops.

This trait-based approach may offer mechanistic insights into crop-weed interactions, guide management strategies for problematic weeds, enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services, and contribute to the development of resilient cropping systems. The research was supported by USDA-NIFA Hatch Project (MONB00932) and the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee.