Leptospirosis mortality spirals up in Kerala

Leptospirosis has seen a surge in mortality in Kerala, with 49 deaths this July, 30 confirmed and 19 probable. The disease is particularly affecting manual laborers, farmers, dairy workers and gardeners due to their regular contact with potentially contaminated water or soil. The State has reported 1,381 confirmed and 922 probable cases of leptospirosis so far in 2026, resulting in 115 deaths, including 52 probable deaths.

Doxycycline prophylaxis is the current strategy to prevent leptospirosis, but compliance has been poor. Antibiotics have limited proven direct effects on reducing overall mortality, but are crucial for shortening fever duration and reducing symptom severity if administered early. The key is starting antibiotics promptly for at-risk individuals presenting with fever and myalgia.

The clinical manifestation of leptospirosis can range from mild to fatal, involving liver and renal failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, meningitis, and septic shock. Fatal outcomes are rare, occurring in 5-10% of cases, often in individuals aged 40-52 with co-morbidities like diabetes or hypertension. Early intervention is crucial, as late presentation often leads to severe disease, multi-organ failure, and requires intensive care.

Prevention through protective gear and consistent health advisories is emphasized to save lives. The Health department should provide clear and consistent risk communication to ensure people do not ignore the health advisories.