Sex differences in pain, inflammation and Alzheimer's disease
New evidence supports the idea that differences within and between sexes impact how neurological disorders progress and respond to treatment. The findings were presented at Neuroscience 2026, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience.
Recent research presented at Neuroscience 2026 highlights significant sex differences in the progression and treatment response of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and fibromyalgia. These findings suggest that tailored treatments based on an individual's biological sex and genetic risk factors could improve outcomes.
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive brain disorder leading to memory loss and declining cognitive function, affects between 35 and 40 million people worldwide. Scientists are uncovering that women and men may experience these conditions differently, offering opportunities for personalized medicine. Liisa Galea, Treliving Family chair in Women's Mental Health, emphasized the potential for precision treatment approaches through the research at Neuroscience 2026.
Studies at the conference showed that menopausal hormone therapy effectiveness varies depending on Alzheimer's genetic risk and formulation. In rodent models, menopause intensified memory circuit vulnerability in genetically predisposed mice, while gut inflammation influenced Alzheimer's pathology differently by sex. Additionally, female mice with fibromyalgia displayed more persistent touch sensitivity and higher immune activation compared to male counterparts.
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