MSF raises alarm as diphtheria deaths exceed 1,260 in Nigeria

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has sounded the alarm over a surge in diphtheria-related deaths in Nigeria, with the number surpassing 1,260 since the outbreak began in late 2022. The disease has infected over 41,000 individuals, according to the international medical humanitarian organization. MSF warns that dwindling supplies of life-saving medication and insufficient vaccination drive the dire situation, particularly in northern Nigeria.

Between January and August 9, 2026, Nigeria reported 12,977 suspected infections, 10,476 confirmed cases, and 406 deaths. The organization's Medical Coordinator in Nigeria, Dr David Kizito, expressed concern over the international shortage of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), which is crucial for treating patients. The antitoxin neutralizes the toxin released by the bacteria causing diphtheria and is most effective when administered within 48 hours of symptom onset.

MSF's remaining stocks of the medication are critically low, forcing medical teams to allocate existing supplies sparingly.

The organization has appealed to the Federal Government, state governments, donors, and international partners to expedite the acquisition of antitoxin, vaccines, and other essential medicines. MSF also stressed the urgency of clearing medical supplies at Nigerian ports to ensure they reach health facilities and vulnerable communities without further delays. To date, MSF has treated more than 9,000 diphtheria patients through health facilities and community-based interventions since the beginning of its response this year.