Fruit fly sleep protein yields peptides that inhibit drug-resistant bacteria in lab tests

Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have discovered short antimicrobial peptides derived from Nemuri, a sleep-inducing protein in fruit flies. Published in Nature Communications, the study highlights the potential of these peptides as a novel approach to combat drug-resistant bacteria. Nemuri peptides were found to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

At concentrations similar to those required to inhibit bacterial growth, the peptides entered bacterial cells, accumulating in regions rich in ribosomes and RNA. However, they did not cause significant membrane disruption. Instead, Nemuri peptides interacted with RNA molecules and ribosomal surfaces, inducing a condensation-like remodeling of ribosome-rich areas.

This remodeling reduced ribosomal mobility and suppressed global protein synthesis. Importantly, the peptides displayed low toxicity towards cultured insect and mammalian cells. The findings suggest that Nemuri peptides could serve as a foundation for developing antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant bacteria. However, further studies are needed to assess their efficacy and safety in animal models of bacterial infection.