Sea pigs from the abyss host unusual bacteria
In the deep ocean, translucent sea pigs trundle across the seafloor. Researchers at the University of Tokyo have discovered an unusual bacterium beneath the sea pig's "skin." Through fluorescent imaging, they determined the location of the bacterium, which they named Candidatus Abyssoplasma scotoplanesicola. DNA analysis revealed a minimized genome of just 649,000 bases.
Deep-sea sea pigs, also known as sea cucumbers, host an unusual bacterium beneath their skin, according to a study published in ISME Host Microbe. Researchers at the University of Tokyo discovered the bacterium, Candidatus Abyssoplasma scotoplanesicola, using fluorescent imaging to locate it on the sea pig's surface. DNA analysis revealed a small genome of 649,000 bases, with a surprising 27.6% dedicated to encoding surface-associated proteins.
These proteins include some that are significantly longer than typical bacterial proteins, possibly aiding in interactions with host tissues or bacterial aggregation. The bacterium, while sharing a lineage with other symbiotic bacteria, is distinct from known types, and researchers propose it may represent a new genus and species.
The small genome size and the high proportion of surface-associated protein genes suggest that Candidatus Abyssoplasma scotoplanesicola heavily relies on its host for essential nutrients. However, the benefits the sea pig gains from this symbiotic relationship are still unknown. Further investigation could provide valuable insights into how bacteria colonize hosts and adopt a host-dependent lifestyle.
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