Mechanical and chemical macrophage activation differ by arm, not by amplitude
Mechanical cues are widely reported to polarize macrophages toward an M1-like state, but the claim rests on nuclear factor kappa B/activator protein 1 (NF-{kappa}B/AP-1) effector markers read without a common scale, and the literature does not agree on the sign of the stiffness effect. We asked a quantitative question instead: by what fraction of the chemical M1 response does mechanical…
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