Eisenkot faces coalition test as Israel’s new parliament is sworn in

Israel's newly elected Knesset inaugurated today, with opposition leader Gadi Eisenkot tasked with forming a government and removing caretaker Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, according to BBC. The 120-member parliament was sworn in following a close October 27 election that resulted in neither Netanyahu's governing alliance nor Eisenkot's opposition coalition securing a majority.

President Isaac Herzog appointed Eisenkot to form a coalition, following recommendations from 67 lawmakers compared to 46 who supported Netanyahu. The opposition alliance, comprising four parties, secured 48 seats, while Netanyahu's bloc won 53. The two Arab-led alliances combined for 19 seats, potentially playing a crucial role in coalition negotiations.

Eisenkot has 28 days to assemble a coalition, with the option for a 14-day extension. During his address at the opening of parliament, Netanyahu called for a national unity government, expressing concern about an administration dependent on Arab parties, whom he accused of seeking to destroy Israel. Eisenkot criticized Netanyahu's speech as divisive and hate-filled.

The election saw increased Arab voter turnout, and the Arab-led parties could potentially support Eisenkot's minority government. However, key conditions from Eisenkot's bloc, including recognition of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state and support for compulsory military service, may complicate negotiations with Arab parties.

The ultra-Orthodox parties, a challenge for Eisenkot's government, oppose changes to exemptions for religious study. With no clear path to forming a government, Netanyahu remains caretaker prime minister pending the resolution.