South Africa's ANC is humbled by its worst election results as it continues its decline

The African National Congress (ANC), South Africa's ruling party, experienced its worst electoral performance in history during recent municipal polls, capturing less than 31% of the vote, according to official results released on Sunday. The Democratic Alliance (DA) emerged as the closest competitor, securing just under 25% of the vote.

The ANC lost its parliamentary majority for the first time in South Africa's democratic era, losing control in six of the eight metropolitan regions, reported the Electoral Commission on Saturday. With no clear winner declared in several major cities, coalition talks are anticipated to form the municipal governments. Despite remaining the most popular political party nationwide, the ANC has faced mounting criticism from voters, particularly over issues like water and electricity shortages, which they are widely blamed for.

President Cyril Ramaphosa, the ANC leader, acknowledged in his recent address that municipal failures have eroded public trust and confidence in democratic governance. ANC Secretary-General, Fikile Mbalula, asserted that the party must work to regain public confidence, emphasizing that people cannot be asked to trust them solely due to their historical significance.

Analysts express grave concern, with Daniel Silke stating that the ANC's performance represents its worst electoral outcome, potentially undermining their authority at both local and national levels. The results may also serve as a barometer for voter sentiment ahead of the 2029 general elections. Historically, the ANC has seen a steady decline in performance since taking power in 1994, following the end of apartheid.

Following their loss of the absolute majority in 2024, the ANC formed a national unity government with all parliamentary parties, which continues to hold power. The decline coincides with growing discontent over corruption, mismanagement, and high unemployment rates across South Africa. Simultaneously, smaller parties have gained ground, chipping away at the ANC's voter base.

In Cape Town, the center-right DA secured an absolute majority and is expected to form coalitions without the ANC, while in Johannesburg, the economic hub, the DA is also likely to form a coalition excluding the ANC.