Diwali celebrations coincide with worsening air. Here’s how to stay safer

BENGALURU, India (AP) — In South Asia, Diwali celebrations coincide with hazardous winter air, prompting concerns about safe celebrations. Diwali, a holiday celebrated by Hindus and Jains, involves firework displays that can exacerbate polluted air. Across India, Pakistan, and other South Asian regions, pollution stems from traffic, factories, construction dust, and burning of crop residues and waste.

Weak winds and stagnant winter air contribute to the buildup of this pollution. Public health expert Shweta Narayan highlights that firecrackers worsen the issue. India's air quality index (AQI) indicates pollution levels, with readings of 201–300 as "poor," 301–400 as "very poor," and 401–500 as "severe." Severe levels can harm even healthy individuals.

To stay safe, check the AQI on government or private websites before venturing outdoors. Look for data from nearby monitoring stations and the time of its last update. Citywide averages may mask polluted neighborhoods. Delhi, for instance, had fine particle pollution levels about 19 times the WHO's annual guideline last year. Authorities have implemented temporary restrictions on construction, industrial activities, and vehicle use to address the problem.

Public health experts emphasize that such measures often fail to tackle root causes. The city, home to over 20 million people, is also developing a long-term plan to promote electric vehicles. Dr. Arvind Kumar, a chest surgeon and founder trustee of the Lung Care Foundation, advises using properly fitted N95 or N99 masks outdoors during periods of heavy pollution.

These masks, available at pharmacies, hardware stores, and online retailers, filter at least 95% to 99% of airborne particles. They should cover the nose, mouth, and chin, with a properly sealed nose clip. Kumar warns that pollution can lead to persistent coughing, inflamed airways, asthma-like attacks, pneumonia, heart attacks, strokes, and increased risks of lung cancer.

People should avoid strenuous outdoor exercise during heavy pollution, especially early mornings when levels can be high. Air purifiers with HEPA filters can help improve indoor air quality. Place the purifier in the room where you spend the most time, such as the bedroom, ensuring its airflow remains clear and it runs consistently. HEPA filters trap particles, and substantial activated-carbon filters can remove some gases.