Obesity drugs could lead to new ways to protect the brain
Drugs such as semaglutide and tirzepatide are already used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes, but they also influence biological processes important for brain function. In a new review published in Science, researchers at the University of Gothenburg and the University of Copenhagen assessed the available evidence.
New research suggests obesity medications like semaglutide and tirzepatide may offer potential benefits for brain health. While these drugs are primarily used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes, they also impact biological processes crucial for cognitive function. Animal studies indicate these medications can influence memory and learning, though human studies have yielded mixed results.
Observational data from patient records suggests GLP-1 treatments, such as semaglutide, may lower dementia risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes, although establishing a direct causal link remains elusive. Clinical trials conducted by Novo Nordisk's EVOKE and EVOKE+ programs, however, did not observe a slowdown in Alzheimer's disease progression despite changes in certain biological markers.
The findings highlight the need for more clinical trials tracking cognitive abilities from the outset of treatment. Researchers emphasize monitoring older and frail patients, as rapid weight loss and muscle loss can impair physical function and reduce potential treatment benefits. Stina Börchers, the first author of the review, stresses the importance of determining which patients might benefit from these medications, particularly those with obesity or diabetes who may experience cognitive difficulties related to metabolic and vascular health.
The researchers aim to uncover whether the drugs' potential brain effects stem from improved metabolism, direct brain effects, or a combination of both factors.
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