All infants should be vaccinated against hep B, says Canadian vaccine advisory committee

The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) is now advocating for all infants to receive hepatitis B vaccinations. The committee suggests that babies can receive their first dose within the first 24 hours of birth or at their first routine immunization appointment at two months old. Along with hepatitis B, Canadian infants also typically receive vaccines for tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and polio during this same visit.

Hepatitis B is a dangerous virus that primarily targets the liver and often results in chronic infection in children under one year old. Several provinces in Canada, including B.C., Alberta, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and all three territories, already administer hepatitis B vaccines to infants. Meanwhile, provinces like Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland-Labrador do not offer the vaccine until children are in grades 6 or 7.

According to NACI, the prevalence of hepatitis B in Canada is low, estimated at less than two percent overall. However, the rates are higher among immigrants and in regions where the virus is endemic. Pregnant women are screened for hepatitis B, but gaps in care persist. The virus can be transmitted through blood and bodily fluids and can be contracted during childbirth or through contact with contaminated items.

It is not spread through casual contact, such as hugging or sharing utensils. NACI believes that vaccinating infants early is crucial to promoting health equity, as it ensures all children remain protected during their most vulnerable period. They also note that the transition to a uniform immunization schedule for all infants will take time, but offering the vaccine to older children during this period will maintain their protection.

If left untreated, chronic hepatitis B can lead to serious health issues such as cirrhosis or liver cancer, as outlined by the Public Health Agency of Canada.