Siberian burial site reveals ancient use of cannabis as an intoxicant

In a remote region of southern Siberia, archaeologists have uncovered what they believe to be the world's oldest evidence of cannabis being used as an intoxicant. The discovery was made at a monumental burial mound, measuring approximately 460 feet in diameter, dating back to around 2800 years ago during the Scythian era. The tomb held the remains of high-ranking members of Scythian society, renowned for their horseback warfare and gold craftsmanship, as well as their nomadic lifestyle across the Eurasian steppe.

The oldest known cannabis seeds were found among the grave goods, alongside human hair that contained chemical signatures of THC and cannabinol, two compounds found in the psychoactive cannabis plant. The hair analysis suggests that the people buried there may have consumed cannabis for its mind-altering effects. While the exact method of consumption cannot be definitively determined from the hair alone, researchers speculate that it was likely inhaled, given the context of the burial site and later evidence from the region.

The discovery sheds light on the historical use of cannabis, particularly its psychoactive properties, a topic that has been difficult to confirm due to the perishable nature of plant remains. The site predates previous evidence of mind-altering cannabis use by over a millennium, providing fresh insights into the ancient Scythian culture and their rituals.

The researchers also recovered numerous gold objects, artistic items, and evidence of animal sacrifices, including horses and human remains, suggesting a strong ceremonial aspect to the burial.

This groundbreaking find not only confirms the use of cannabis for psychoactive purposes in ancient times but also underscores the cultural significance of the Scythians in the broader context of Eurasian history. The well-preserved cannabis DNA found at the site represents the oldest known cannabis genetic material, opening up new possibilities for understanding the plant's domestication and history.