Millions of bogong moths are blanketing our cities and they are still endangered
These unassuming insects are increasingly under pressure from climate change.
This past season, Australia has witnessed an unprecedented influx of bogong moths (Agrotis infusa) in urban areas, including homes, vehicles, and bedrooms. These moths are on their annual migration from breeding grounds in southern regions to the cool caves of the Australian alps. While entomologists, like the author, have been delighted by the sight, it has not altered the fact that bogong moths are classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Species.
The surge in moth numbers can be attributed to a combination of factors, such as increased availability of food, ideal breeding conditions, and favorable winds carrying them towards the coast. However, it is unclear whether the current population is recovering from past declines or simply more visible in cities this year. Scientists still have much to learn about the moths' biology and movement patterns, as modeling bird migrations is possible, but not for moths.
Citizen scientists have played a crucial role in documenting these sightings, providing valuable insights into the moths' preferences for certain wildflowers, such as Callistemons (bottlebrushes) and Grevilleas (spider flowers). In the past, scientists would spend years sharing their findings, but this year, with the help of millions of Australians, they have gained a wealth of new information.
Despite the moths being present in large numbers, their conservation status remains concerning. The main threat to their survival is the rapid warming of the Australian Alps due to climate change. As the mountains become less cool, the moths struggle to find refuge in the alpine caves, making it difficult for them to complete their migration. The species is vulnerable to extinction, particularly given its reliance on the cool mountain habitat, which is currently endangered.
The bogong moth's range extends from Perth in the west to southern Queensland in the north, with sightings even as far as Uluṟu, more than 2,000 kilometers from the alps. Researchers are investigating whether weather radar could aid in tracking the moths' migration patterns. The Bogong Watch tagging program invites people to contribute to the understanding of these insects' movements.
As the last major influx of bogong moths occurred in Sydney and Canberra 26 years ago, the current generation of Australians may not have witnessed this extraordinary natural phenomenon. The author hopes that this year's experience will inspire the next generation to not only appreciate the migration but also to become involved in protecting these endangered insects.
Written by urgent.news from The Conversation AU's reporting — not their text. Machine-written — may contain errors; check the original before relying on it.
