Millions of bogong moths are blanketing cities in Australia, and they are still endangered

In recent weeks, Australians have observed large numbers of bogong moths (Agrotis infusa) in their homes, cars, and even bedrooms. These moths are on their annual journey from breeding grounds in southern Australia to cool caves in the Australian Alps. While entomologists find this migration hopeful, bogong moths remain endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Species.

The primary threat to their survival is climate change, which is warming their mountain habitats. Scientists are investigating why bogong moth numbers have increased in cities this year, considering factors such as more food, favorable breeding conditions, and strong winds. Scientists are still uncertain about the population's recovery or whether the recent sightings are due to increased visibility in urban areas.

The exact migration routes and travel patterns of these moths are still unknown, but researchers are exploring the possibility of using weather radar to track them. In 2000, a massive moth cloud enveloped Sydney during the Olympics, but today, citizens can easily document sightings using platforms like iNaturalist and social media.

While the moths may appear to be thriving, this is misleading as their survival depends on access to cool alpine summer refuges threatened by climate change. Citizen scientists are helping fill knowledge gaps, but population trends remain uncertain. It's hoped that this year's experience will inspire the next generation to protect these unique insects.