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Root Cause and Resolution Patterns for Phantom Reads Caused by Misconfigured Transaction Isolation Levels

Root Cause and Resolution Patterns for Phantom Reads Caused by Misconfigured Transaction Isolation Levels Production Incidents in the Trenches: Data Inconsistency in the QA Environment During a comprehensive refactoring and load verification of our payment and balance management engine, our team encountered an elusive concurrency anomaly under synthetic production-grade workload simulations. In a…

Under the READ COMMITTED isolation level, the database fails to stop concurrent transactions from inserting new rows that satisfy ongoing range predicates. This leads to Phantom Reads: rows that were absent during the initial range scan suddenly appear in subsequent queries executed within the same transaction context. To tackle this issue, a deterministic verification architecture was built to detect concurrent anomalies and assess proper concurrency control methods, including pessimistic locking and raising isolation levels.

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