Researchers discover why some frogs have escaped the current amphibian mass extinction

Amphibians are the most endangered vertebrates globally, with 41% of their species at risk of extinction. In Central and South America's highlands, a lethal fungus has decimated much of the once-rich amphibian population. However, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia, remains a sanctuary for a diverse amphibian community of at least 48 species, 25 of which are unique to the area.

A recent study by researchers from Ghent University and Trier University reveals that the region has yet to be affected by the deadly fungus. After examining over 2,000 frogs, toads, and salamanders, the researchers found no signs of the fungus in the region. Nevertheless, just 20 kilometers (12 miles) away, they discovered a highly contagious variant of the disease.

Warm and dry lowlands are believed to act as a natural barrier, preventing the fungus from spreading. However, the study indicates that some of the region's unique amphibian species are extremely susceptible to infection. Consequently, the arrival of the fungus is anticipated to trigger a significant decline in amphibian populations, similar to what has been observed elsewhere.

The findings present a unique chance to safeguard an unharmed amphibian community before a catastrophic disease outbreak occurs. Researchers emphasize that contaminated equipment, materials, or transported amphibians could carry the fungus past the natural barrier. Thus, preventing the introduction of the fungus becomes a critical conservation priority.

The authors advocate for stringent biosecurity measures, ongoing disease surveillance, and immediate protection of the particularly vulnerable species.