Alliance response must be credible if Russia uses nuclear weapons, former NATO Director of Nuclear Policy says

Jim Stokes, a former NATO Director of Nuclear Policy, emphasized the need for a credible response from NATO if Russia were to use nuclear weapons. Speaking with Ukrinform, Stokes stated that NATO's response should surpass any potential gains Russia might achieve. This response could involve nuclear, conventional, or a combination of weapons. The decision on the response would be made later, not to disclose to the adversary where the red lines lie or how the response would be implemented, warned the expert.

Stokes pointed out that NATO could make quick political decisions and execute them swiftly in an emergency or crisis situation. Member states, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, could independently deploy their nuclear forces to deter aggression against the Alliance, not just in the event of a nuclear attack. According to Stokes, this constitutes a significant advantage for NATO.

Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine and NATO's designation of Russia as a threat, NATO has adapted its nuclear deterrence posture. This includes modernizing its nuclear forces, conducting exercises, and preparing for potential NATO nuclear operations. Stokes affirmed that NATO aircraft can deliver free-fall nuclear bombs, and various platforms such as sea-, land-, or air-based platforms could be used to launch missiles.

Stokes believes that all options should remain viable. He noted that in July 2025, the United Kingdom and France conducted joint exercises over the Mediterranean, encompassing French nuclear forces, and showcased enhanced defense cooperation between the two countries amid escalating tensions with Russia.