Israelis are voting to choose their next prime minister. Here’s what to know

Israel is set to vote for its next prime minister, with Benjamin Netanyahu, the country’s longest-serving leader, facing a tough challenge from Gadi Eisenkot, a former military chief of staff. The election is seen as a referendum on Netanyahu's leadership, particularly in the aftermath of the devastating Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas attack that killed over 1,200 people and resulted in a prolonged conflict.

Polling indicates a close race between the two main candidates, Netanyahu and Eisenkot. However, Israeli voters primarily choose parties, not individuals, and no single party has ever secured a majority in parliament, known as the Knesset. As a result, a coalition government must be formed after the polls close.

The election is taking place amid ongoing security concerns stemming from the Oct. 7 attack and the broader tensions in Gaza. Jewish Israelis, 68% of whom cite the Oct. 7 attacks as a central factor in their voting decision, are particularly focused on security issues. The religious divide over military service is another key factor, as Netanyahu's coalition historically relies on parties that exempt ultra-Orthodox Jews from conscription.

Netanyahu leads the Likud party, while Eisenkot heads the Yesh atid party. Other prominent candidates include Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid, who have formed a joint ticket, as well as Itamar Ben-Gvir, leader of a far-right ultranationalist party. The Palestinian issue, while significant, is largely absent from the campaigns, with candidates focusing more on domestic issues like crime and security.