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SPF "too many DNS lookups" (PermError): what it means and how to fix it

Your mail quietly started landing in spam, and when you checked SPF you found this: PermError: too many DNS lookups . Here's exactly what that means and how to fix it without guessing.

  • SPF record limit of 10 DNS lookups
  • Exceeding limit marks emails as SPF failed
  • Tools like dig help diagnose issue

Why your PHP-FPM throws 502 under load (pm.max_children, explained)

Your PHP site runs fine, then traffic spikes and nginx starts throwing 502 Bad Gateway . Logs blame the upstream. The cause is almost always one number in your PHP-FPM pool: pm.max_children .

  • 502 Bad Gateway errors occur when PHP-FPM cannot handle increased traffic.
  • pm.maxchildren limits the number of PHP-FPM worker processes.
  • Properly sizing pm.maxchildren prevents 502 errors and optimizes resource usage.

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