As China’s leaders huddle for ‘Fifth Plenum’ today, an expert explains why the meeting matters

The upcoming fifth plenum of China's Communist Party, set to convene this week, is expected to focus heavily on issues of party discipline, loyalty, and anti-corruption. This is in line with the broader theme of Xi Jinping's ongoing corruption crackdown, which has seen more than a million people investigated since 2012, including numerous officials above ministerial or provincial level.

Analysts suggest that the relentless pursuit of corruption may not solely be driven by a genuine desire to eliminate corruption, but rather could be a means to reinforce Xi's political control and ensure party loyalty. The term "corruption" in Xi's worldview encompasses not just material malfeasance, but also political disloyalty.

The plenum, which is the fifth of seven planned gatherings within a five-year cycle, will be attended by over 300 senior CCP officials. It is particularly significant as it is likely to be the last substantive meeting before the 21st Party Congress, during which a new Central Committee will be chosen, and Xi is expected to be confirmed for a fourth term.

Recent high-profile investigations have targeted senior party and military leaders, including former top general Zhang Youxia, who was recently expelled from the party and military. These purges, which have extended to the highest echelons of the Party and military, have raised questions about regime stability. However, Xi likely views these measures as essential for maintaining unity and discipline, and as powerful tools to enforce his authority.