As France erupts, Europe’s far right gains from fuel-price anger ahead of elections

France, Italy and Poland are experiencing political unrest as voters turn to far-right parties due to rising fuel prices and the cost of living. The conflict in Iran, which began in February and drove energy costs up, has compounded the challenge for governments across Europe. In France, demonstrations have turned violent with shops looted, buildings burned and a town hall set on fire.

President Macron acknowledged the legitimate demands of protesters while condemning those responsible for violence. Similar unrest has erupted in Italy, where truckers, farmers and steelworkers protested over high fuel costs impacting their operations. In Portugal, tens of thousands marched against rising living costs and low wages.

Spain saw nationwide demonstrations over housing shortages and soaring rents. Belgium has also seen protests. The protests highlight broader economic anxieties shaping politics across the continent, particularly concerns about purchasing power. Political scientists say populist parties, both on the right and left, are increasingly arguing that restoring energy ties with Russia could help lower costs.

French President Macron faces a presidential election in April, with far-right candidate Marine Le Pen gaining ground while President Macron's ratings have slipped. In Germany, the far-right Alternative for Germany party is leading polls after strong local election gains, arguing that Berlin's support for Ukraine is needlessly hurting the economy. In Italy, Prime Minister Meloni faces growing pressure.