Protein clues may help explain heart disease risk that persists despite lower LDL cholesterol

Cardiovascular diseases claim the lives of nearly 17.9 million people each year, with heart attacks and strokes causing over 80% of the deaths. High blood cholesterol, specifically LDL cholesterol, is a key risk factor for coronary heart disease, which can lead to a heart attack if left untreated. Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden have identified new clues about the remaining risk of heart disease that persists even after LDL cholesterol levels are brought down to a healthy level.

To investigate this, the researchers used proteomic analysis to study three different fat-carrying particles: LDL, TRL (triglyceride-rich lipoprotein), and Lp(a). While LDL is the most abundant and primarily associated with cholesterol buildup in artery walls, TRL and Lp(a) were found to be more harmful per particle. The study revealed that TRL and Lp(a) share similar blood protein patterns, indicating a link to future heart disease risk.

These particles also contain proteins that attract immune cells, potentially contributing to inflammation and changes in blood vessel structure.

Lead author Jakub Morze explains that understanding these blood protein patterns may help identify targets for more precise prevention strategies. However, the study did not test any new treatments or establish a protein test for clinical use. The researchers emphasize that lowering LDL cholesterol remains a crucial aspect of prevention, and further investigation is needed to determine if targeting these biological processes can improve prevention alongside existing treatments.