TOPCon Workshops Require Both Heating and Cooling: Why Conventional HVAC Designs Cannot Simply Be Replicated
In the mass production of n-type TOPCon (tunnel oxide passivated contact) solar cells, photovoltaic manufacturing has entered an era of extreme competition defined by micrometer-scale structural control and incremental conversion-efficiency gains of 0.1 percentage points. When building or expanding TOPCon workshops, many cell manufacturers habitually adopt comfort-air-conditioning or standard…
TopCon solar cell production demands a nuanced approach to HVAC design, requiring a clear separation between managing the workshop environment and efficiently removing heat from high-powered equipment. Conventional HVAC systems, often employed in industrial buildings, struggle to meet these demands, resulting in energy waste and compromised production quality.
Workshop environmental loads, managed by an HVAC system, focus on maintaining optimal temperature, humidity, and cleanliness. Process cooling demand, on the other hand, targets the heat generated by specialized equipment such as tube diffusion furnaces, PECVD systems, and wet-cleaning equipment. These high-temperature processes require direct heat exchange via process cooling water, which must remain stable and uninterfered with to ensure consistent production quality.
The complexity of TOPCon workshop production is further compounded by seasonal variations. In summer, high outdoor humidity levels can degrade screen-printing pastes, while winter brings the challenge of residual heat from equipment without effective removal, potentially overloading chillers. Therefore, a temperature-control architecture tailored to specific process sections and seasonal fluctuations is crucial for stable, high-yield TOPCon production.
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