When the abuse does not end — Syarifah Maisarah Syed Alwi

On October 11, a recent report revealed 117 arrests related to the possession and distribution of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM), highlighting the broader issue of child sexual exploitation in the digital age. The rise of technology has created new avenues for abusers to record, store, reproduce, and disseminate abuse online, causing long-lasting psychological consequences for victims beyond the original incident.

CSAM represents the exploitation, violation, and abuse of a child, even if a child no longer faces the perpetrator physically. Fear, helplessness, vulnerability, and loss of control can persist due to awareness that abusive material may continue to exist, circulate, or resurface online. The digital traces of victimization may contribute to persistent psychological distress.

Addressing CSAM requires more than law enforcement efforts. Strengthening digital safety education, providing psychological support for survivors, and preventing the further dissemination of harmful material are crucial components. The digital dimension of CSAM adds an additional psychological burden, as victims may fear that their abuse may reappear at any time, leading to feelings of powerlessness and emotional distress.

Child protection must go beyond removing harmful content and prosecuting perpetrators. Survivors need sustained psychological and psychosocial support that acknowledges the complexity of trauma and the ongoing nature of digital victimization. Professionals working with children should adopt sensitive, compassionate, and trauma-informed approaches while avoiding the implication that children bear responsibility for abuse.

Parents and caregivers play a vital role in protecting children in digital environments, but the responsibility should not solely rest on them or require constant surveillance. Children should receive age-appropriate education on online boundaries, privacy, consent, manipulation, and safe help-seeking, understanding they can approach trusted adults for assistance.

Adults must recognize that children might convey distress indirectly, such as becoming withdrawn, fearful, or increasingly distressed about school and social relationships. These behaviors warrant attention and opportunities for children to communicate without fear of blame or punishment. Schools are crucial in strengthening child-protection systems by integrating digital safety education into broader programmes addressing psychological wellbeing, interpersonal relationships, personal safety, and responsible digital citizenship.