We’re still figuring out the side effects of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs

Researchers have discovered that GLP-1 weight-loss drugs may impact biological age, with overweight and diabetic individuals seeing a two to three-year reduction in biological age compared to those on a placebo, according to studies from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk. These drugs, which suppress hunger, have been approved for treating diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and sometimes for those at risk of cardiovascular diseases.

However, the side effects remain largely unclear. Common gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation have been reported, alongside potential risks of pancreatitis and gallstone disease. Rarely, there have been claims of damage to nerves behind the eye, leading to lawsuits against the manufacturers. Other unusual side effects include hair loss and nail disorders, which researchers are still investigating.

Despite these complications, GLP-1 drugs are widely used, with 11% of Americans taking them for weight loss and 15% having used them at some point. The drugs have also shown potential benefits for substance-use disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, the WHO has not recommended pharmacological treatment for children under 10 due to insufficient evidence on benefits and potential adverse events.