The WOAN may be dead, but open access is not

The South African wireless open access network (WOAN) licensing direction has been withdrawn, reigniting discussions about the future of the reserved spectrum, particularly in the sub-5GHz bands. While questions about potential new entrants are valid, the more compelling aspect is the retention of principles from the original WOAN, such as leasing networks and facilities, providing wholesale capacity, and enhancing access in rural and underserved regions.

South Africa's telecom landscape has historically grappled with spectrum access debates; hence, the focus should now shift towards more efficient utilization of both spectrum and network infrastructure.

ICASA's growing scrutiny on underutilized licensed spectrum is justified, given the scarcity of spectrum and its limited economic value when left idle. However, the assumption that open access necessitated a singular national network may have been misguided. Operators already leveraging their allocated spectrum should not face controversy over this principle. Spectrum rights must incentivize investment but also carry the responsibility to deploy.

Infrastructure development is capital-intensive, with challenges in achieving financial viability in lower-density regions. Consequently, infrastructure sharing should be more than a regulatory concept. South African operators presently collaborate on various network components, such as shared towers, leased fibre and backhaul, and traded wholesale capacity. The question remains whether we can enhance the intelligent use of this model, especially in areas where duplicating infrastructure lacks commercial sense.

Collaboration in leveraging existing infrastructure, rather than redundant building, can prove economically beneficial. It allows operators to enter markets more cost-effectively, leading to increased service provider presence, greater customer choice, and broader network coverage. This is particularly crucial in underserved areas, where the primary issue often isn't a lack of technology but economically challenging conditions.

The conversation surrounding spectrum should not solely revolve around which technology to employ. Different frequency bands and network types cater to diverse needs. Lower-frequency spectrum offers extensive coverage, while higher-frequency licensed spectrum boosts capacity over shorter distances. Fibre remains indispensable in many scenarios, and satellite technology is expanding options in previously hard-to-reach areas.

The key lies in employing these networks synergistically rather than fixating on a singular solution.

The WOAN aimed to boost market participation and improve infrastructure access but fell short of this goal. Nevertheless, the underlying objective remains pertinent. A more pragmatic approach involves operators investing in their networks while leveraging each other's infrastructure where a technical and commercial rationale exists.

The proposed "use it or share it" approach in the Electronic Communications Amendment Bill aligns with this direction. For South Africa, the broader opportunity lies in establishing an environment where spectrum is actively utilized, infrastructure is effectively employed, and operators can collaborate without undermining investment incentives. This strategy could potentially achieve broader connectivity outcomes than the WOAN could have.