Scientists create new statewide surface geologic map of Nebraska
A new academic paper by Paul Hanson and Matthew Joeckel of the Conservation and Survey Division in the University of Nebraska–Lincoln's School of Natural Resources contains a brief phrase—"new linework"—that looks innocuous but carries enormous meaning.
Scientists at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln have created a new statewide surface geologic map of Nebraska, providing a more accurate and detailed representation of the state's surficial geology. The collaborative effort, led by Paul Hanson and Matthew Joeckel of the Conservation and Survey Division, involved reconciling scattered data from various sources to create a consistent statewide map at a scale of 1:500,000.
The map highlights long-standing cartographic gaps and addresses limitations in available evidence for specific cases.
Key findings include the discovery that windblown sand, silt, and other sediments cover more than 75% of Nebraska's surface. This analysis underscores the significant role played by wind in shaping the state's landscape. The map's new "linework" delineates watersheds in much of the state, offering improved precision in understanding soil and geologic conditions.
The project's methodology involved the use of modern tools such as geographic information system software, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) remote-sensing technology, and satellite imagery. These advanced techniques, combined with data collected over decades, enabled Hanson and Joeckel to achieve a high level of accuracy in their mapping.
The map not only fills in cartographic gaps but also provides valuable resources for various applications, including water management, wildlife habitat conservation, geohazard assessment, and construction material availability.
The mapping project was initiated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which reached out to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln to carry out the work. The resulting map and accompanying data are now available online for public use. The Journal of Maps has published the map along with an academic paper that details the project's methodology and key findings.
For Hanson and Joeckel, the creation of this map highlights the connection between Nebraska's distant geologic past and its present-day practical implications. By considering the geological time periods in which certain deposits formed, scientists can better understand soil types, construction aggregate materials, and groundwater conditions.
The map's detailed portrayal of Nebraska's geology also emphasizes the influence of major geological features such as the uplift of the Rocky Mountains and the activity of the Missouri and Platte river systems.
Looking ahead, the map sets the stage for further refinements and follow-up research. Possible areas of improvement include finer-scale mapping of specific regions, development of a new geomorphic (landform) map, and an updated bedrock map of Nebraska. As advances in GIS technology, digital elevation databases, and geophysical surveys continue, Nebraska's mapping capabilities are expected to improve in the coming decades.
Hanson and Joeckel will continue their scientific studies, connecting the state's geologic present to its deep past, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of Nebraska's natural resources and environmental dynamics.
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