Researchers find unique genes in 194-year-old giant tortoise

Tokyo -- An international research team, comprising European and U.S. scientists, has discovered unique genetic variations in a purportedly 194-year-old Aldabra giant tortoise named Jonathan. Recognized as the world's oldest living land animal, Jonathan measures approximately 110 centimeters in length and is believed to have been born in 1832. Residing on the British territory of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, Jonathan's extraordinary longevity has captivated the global community.

Captivated by Jonathan's unusual lifespan, the research team sought to unravel the secrets behind his extended survival. To do so, they collected oral mucous membrane and saliva samples from the tortoise, mindful of his health and his symbolic role on the island. After sequencing Jonathan's complete genome and comparing it to that of four other tortoises, the team identified distinct genetic differences.

These variations were found in genes responsible for repairing damaged DNA, maintaining telomeres (the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division), and removing abnormal proteins. Additionally, the researchers uncovered unique patterns of methylation, chemical modifications that influence gene function. The study also revealed distinct profiles in cancer-related genes, which tend to increase with age.

The research team further suggested that examining genetic data from other long-lived species, such as the bowhead whale, could contribute to a deeper understanding of cancer and aging. Their findings were published in the U.S. scientific journal Science Advances on October 7.