Popping painkillers for 5 years, he needed dialysis: The hidden cost of self-medication

A 49-year-old farmer from Tiruvannamalai, Mr S, visited a nephrologist after experiencing fatigue, nausea, vomiting, breathlessness, and swollen ankles. Blood tests revealed his kidneys were severely damaged, with a creatinine level of 11.4 mg/dL and both kidneys visibly impaired. The source of his chronic kidney disease was not diabetes or hypertension, but rather self-medication with painkillers for five years.

Mr S relied on painkillers, specifically non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like diclofenac and aceclofenac, to cope with the physical demands of his job. These drugs exacerbated his dehydration, which in turn stressed his already vulnerable kidneys. NSAIDs interfere with the body's natural mechanism to protect the kidneys when blood flow is reduced, such as during dehydration.

The source of kidney damage often remains silent until it's too late. Symptoms like persistent fatigue, nausea, vomiting, swelling, reduced urine output, and breathlessness can easily be overlooked. Once symptoms appear, substantial kidney function may have already been lost. Early detection is crucial, as chronic kidney damage is often irreversible.

People with existing kidney disease, older adults, and those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or dehydration are particularly vulnerable. Overdosing on painkillers or using multiple NSAIDs simultaneously can also increase the risk. Simple blood and urine tests can help monitor kidney health, but patients should never self-prescribe higher doses or durations without consulting a doctor or pharmacist.

Painkillers, when used appropriately, can be beneficial. However, treating pain as an everyday issue and ignoring medical advice can lead to devastating consequences. Patients and healthcare providers must work together to ensure NSAIDs are used correctly and safely.