Automated detection, morphometric measurement, and size-class determination of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from UAV orthomosaics: a cascaded deep-learning pipeline with stratified validation across platforms, sensors, altitudes, and substrates
Reliable demographic data are critical for seal population assessment and management, yet remain challenging to obtain from drone surveys without automated tools. Using data from harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) haulout surveys conducted in British Columbia, Canada, in 2023-2024, we developed and tested an automated pipeline that integrates detection, morphometric extraction, and size-class…
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