Mexico Population and Ethnic Groups Explained

According to INEGI's 2025 count, Mexico has a population of 130.9 million, growing slowly and ageing rapidly. The population reached this figure in October 2025, up 4.9 million from the 2020 census but at a slower rate of 0.7% annually. Mexico City had 9.2 million residents while Jalisco, home to Guadalajara, had 8.7 million. Half of Mexico's population were under 32 years old, a significant increase from previous decades.

The largest state by population is the State of Mexico, with 16,992,418 residents. Colima, on the Pacific coast, was the smallest state with 731,391 residents. The official count was based on a sample of over 7.3 million homes. Only 3.3 people lived in each of these homes on average, down from 3.6 in 2020. The youngest residents are the most populous, with 51.9% of private home residents being women.

The older population is growing, with people aged 60 and over making up 12.0% of the population in 2025, up from 9.1% in 2010.

The fertility rate in 2025 was 47.7 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49, unchanged from 2024 but well below the 67.7 in 2016. The average woman has had 1.9 children, down from 2.1 in 2020 and 2.6 in 2000. Regional age gaps are significant, with Chiapas having a median age of 26 in 2025, compared to 37 in Mexico City.

Mexico is mostly urban, with 48.4% of residents living in cities of 100,000 people or more. 16.8% of residents were born in a different state from the one they lived in, and 509,900 households included someone who had been forced to move by crime or insecurity. Indigenous populations are concentrated in the south, with Oaxaca having the highest share at 66.6%. Indigenous languages are spoken by 5.9% of the population, with Nahuatl being the most common at 1.6 million speakers.