Common epilepsy medication and birth control combinations may reduce contraceptive effectiveness
Nearly one-third of people with epilepsy who were prescribed certain hormonal contraceptives also received antiseizure medications that may make those contraceptives less effective, according to a University of Pittsburgh–led study published in Neurology.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that nearly one-third of people with epilepsy prescribed certain hormonal contraceptives may have overlapping prescriptions with enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications for at least 14 days, with a median overlap duration of 218 days. These combinations could potentially reduce contraceptive effectiveness.
Enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications may accelerate the breakdown of contraceptive hormones in the body. The researchers emphasize the importance of informed counseling and shared decision-making to ensure patients are aware of medication and contraceptive options that reflect their health needs and preferences. Certain groups, such as those with intellectual disability, drug-resistant epilepsy, and those age 35 or older, were more likely to experience overlaps.
Effective contraception is especially important for people with epilepsy due to potential risks associated with pregnancy and uncontrolled seizures. Intrauterine devices are not affected by these interactions and may be discussed as an alternative option. Future research is needed to examine pregnancy rates and explore interventions to improve awareness and support shared decision-making.
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