Measles cases are spreading in the US this year, with over 1,000 infections reported in Pennsylvania

In 2024, Pennsylvania has experienced its largest measles outbreak since the early 1990s, with over 1,000 cases reported so far this year by health officials. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recorded a total of 3,869 measles cases across the nation, marking the worst year for the highly contagious disease since 1991.

The outbreak began in April, west of Philadelphia, and has resulted in nearly 200 hospitalizations and five fatalities. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Health, nearly all of the cases involved individuals who were not vaccinated.

Governor Kathy Hochul of neighboring New York declared a month-long state disaster emergency on Monday to bolster ongoing efforts to combat the measles outbreak. The state has recorded over 100 cases this year outside of New York City, with 92 reported in under-immunized rural areas since July 15. The executive order suspends regulations on administering vaccines, allowing paramedics, midwives, and nurses to expand their roles in vaccine distribution and testing.

Measles symptoms include high fever, cough, and rash. While the disease can cause serious complications, particularly in young children, it is highly preventable through vaccines. However, skepticism towards vaccines in the US has surged in recent years, with more parents opting out of routine vaccinations due to misinformation about vaccine safety.

In 2000, the US successfully eliminated domestic measles transmission through high vaccination rates. However, recent coverage levels have fallen below the 95% threshold necessary to prevent outbreaks. US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., who holds views skeptical of vaccines not backed by scientific evidence, has emphasized vaccination as a personal choice.

Despite acknowledging the effectiveness of the measles vaccine, Kennedy has also promoted unproven alternative treatments, including vitamin supplementation.