Screen time limits not enough to tackle problematic social media use: experts

Experts from around the world, including Canada, argue that the scale of digital technology use by children and youth constitutes a public health crisis requiring urgent action. A series of papers published by the Lancet state that the responsibility for safeguarding young people from problematic social media and digital technology usage should shift from individuals to major tech companies and governments.

Co-author Jay Shaw, a Canada Research Chair in responsible health innovation at the University of Toronto, emphasizes that personal efforts like screen-time limits and individual self-control are insufficient to address the "digital determinants of health" that have become part of young people's daily lives.

Shaw explains that digital technology isn't inherently good or bad, but the business models of social media companies, which thrive on keeping users engaged and collecting data for advertising purposes, contribute significantly to the negative health consequences associated with digital media. For instance, features like the "bottomless scroll" make it difficult for users to disengage from platforms.

He also highlights how targeted algorithms and AI chatbots promote tailored content, keeping users hooked and increasing the likelihood of problematic usage, such as being unable to stop scrolling even when it becomes detrimental.

The Lancet review of 2,790 studies reveals that problematic digital media use is linked to depression, anxiety, sleep disruption, and reduced physical activity among young people. However, it also notes some potential benefits, such as feelings of well-being and the positive impact of moderate digital media use and active video gaming.

Shaw stresses that assessing the benefits and harms of digital media requires considering patterns of engagement and the content consumed. He points out that while big tech companies often dispute claims of mental health harm due to a lack of causal evidence, the pervasiveness of digital media and the vulnerability of certain individuals justify precautionary public health action.

This includes government regulation and altering digital platforms' business models to prioritize the well-being of young users.

Australia has already implemented regulations limiting social media access for individuals 16 years and older, and numerous countries, including Canada, are contemplating similar measures. Canada's proposed policies, namely Bill C-34 (Safe Social Media Act) and Bill C-36 (Protecting Privacy and Consumer Data Act), are considered nearly perfect if enacted.

These laws would establish a Digital Safety Commission to oversee tech companies and restrict young people under 16 from using social media platforms. However, Shaw believes exemptions for companies demonstrating adequate safeguards in their regulated services could incentivize them to prioritize safety. He acknowledges that while social media and other digital platforms offer positive uses, such as education and recreation, a blanket ban for younger teens is not the optimal solution.

Instead, Shaw advocates for collaboration between governments and tech companies to enhance platform safety for young users.