Japan’s population is shrinking at an accelerating rate, but the nationalist prime minister is making it harder for foreigners to live there

Japan's population has been shrinking rapidly, with the latest census data revealing a 2.5% decrease in total population to 22.9 million in 2025, compared to 2020. The number of Japanese nationals dropped by 3.5% to 119.1 million, while foreign residents surged by 40% to 3.84 million, marking a record high. This demographic situation is further compounded by an aging population, with people aged 65 and older comprising 29.4% of the total population.

The government has responded to these trends by implementing stricter rules for foreign nationals seeking to reside in Japan, including a significant increase in fees for permanent residency and a five-year residence permit. These measures, coupled with the introduction of a language and customs evaluation for applicants, have sparked a political backlash, particularly as Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi adopts a more nationalist and right-wing approach.

The government's shift towards stricter immigration policies has drawn criticism, with Takaichi arguing that the changes aim to create a more orderly and secure environment for both citizens and foreigners.