CSIR-CCMB develops India-specific tool to predict Sickle Cell severity

Indian researchers at the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) have developed a new India-specific scoring system to better predict the severity of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in patients. This tool, named ISS1 and ISS2, improves upon existing international scoring systems, which often fail to accurately reflect the clinical profile of Indian patients, whose disease patterns differ from those seen in African and Western populations.

SCA is caused by a single genetic mutation in the beta globin gene, leading to abnormal haemoglobin and red blood cells with a sickle shape. India has a high burden of SCA, and the severity of the disease can vary greatly among patients. Some experience only mild symptoms, while others face repeated hospitalisations and life-threatening complications.

This new scoring system identifies key clinical features that are more common in Indian patients, such as recurrent blood transfusions, severe anaemia, and acute febrile illnesses. By incorporating these features, the revised scoring system (ISS1 and ISS2) achieves a concordance of nearly 85%, enabling doctors to make more informed decisions about treatment without relying heavily on laboratory investigations.

The study, conducted on 171 SCA children in Nagpur, highlights the importance of developing population-specific tools to improve disease management and treatment decisions for those affected by SCA, especially in low- and middle-income countries with similar genetic backgrounds and healthcare challenges.