How US and Canada Militaries Compare as Carney Says He Studied Invasion Risk
The U.S. is the world's biggest military spender, whereas Canada's much smaller defense budget has come under heavy scrutiny.
Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney stated that the Canadian government has considered the potential for a U.S. military invasion of Canada, following President Donald Trump's repeated accusations that Canada is the United States' 51st state. This perception has caused strain in U.S.-Canadian relations, leading to a trade war and increased cooperation with European allies in NATO.
Carney, who has a contentious relationship with Trump, revealed during an interview with the New York Times that he had prepared for the "extreme tail risk" of a U.S. military action against Canada. He emphasized that it would be irresponsible not to prepare for such an event, even if it is extremely unlikely. The Canadian military closely collaborates with the U.S. armed forces, using American-made equipment and participating in the Five Eyes intelligence network.
However, the U.S. military is significantly larger than Canada's, with the U.S. being the world's largest military spender. Canada's defense spending is criticized by the U.S. for being low and heavily dependent on U.S. forces. NATO nations, including Canada, pledged to allocate 5 percent of their GDP to defense by 2035. Canada currently spends around 2.13 percent of its GDP on defense, far below the U.S. The U.S. also possesses nuclear weapons, while Canada does not.
As of 2025, Canada had approximately 68,473 active-duty personnel, with the U.S. having over 1.31 million active-duty military personnel. Both nations are researching sixth-generation jets, which promise enhanced capabilities such as stealth and advanced weaponry.
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