Eco-evolutionary dynamics create extinction avalanches in mutualistic-antagonistic networks
Evolution has given rise to the diversity of life on Earth, but it can also cause species extinctions. While major extinction events are usually associated with external drivers, in this study, we show mechanistically how evolution can trigger abrupt extinction avalanches in ecological networks without any environmental change. In particular, we investigate an eco-evolutionary simulation model of…
In a groundbreaking study, researchers have revealed how evolution can trigger sudden extinction cascades within ecological networks, even without environmental alterations. By constructing a simulation model of a tripartite mutualistic-antagonistic network, such as one encompassing plant-pollinator-herbivore systems, alongside intraguild competition, the scientists explored the delicate equilibrium required for self-organised extinction cascades.
This balance hinges on the interplay between mutualism, antagonism, and similarity-based competition. According to the findings, mutualistic relationships, where one species benefits another, and competition based solely on traits can stimulate evolution-induced extinctions. The key trigger for these cascades lies in a mutualist species adapting to interact with plants that are not adequately controlled by antagonists.
Following this shift, the mutualist and its plant partners could outcompete the rest of the ecosystem, leading to a domino effect of extinctions. The study underscores the significance of considering various interaction dynamics when examining the relationship between evolution and biodiversity within ecological communities.
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