Russia Increasingly Targets Ukraine’s Railways, Threatening Economic, Social Security

Russia's ongoing assault on Ukraine's railway system poses a significant threat to the nation's economic stability and social security, according to a recent report. Over 500 locomotives have been damaged or destroyed since the start of the full-scale invasion in February 2022, with the majority of losses occurring in the east. This destructive campaign is now focusing on passenger trains, as Ukraine's state-owned railway operator, Ukrzaliznytsia, reported a 37-40 percent monthly loss rate.

Russian forces have intensified attacks on railway stations near the Polish border, targeting diplomats and foreign guests, and have also attacked passenger buses, causing injuries to civilians. The railway system remains crucial for the evacuation of civilians, transportation of humanitarian and commercial cargo, and the movement of essential goods like grain across the country.

The economic burden of these attacks is immense, with each new locomotive costing around €5 million, and Russia's relentless destruction is outpacing Ukraine's capacity to replace damaged or destroyed assets. Efforts are underway to secure compatible locomotives from allies, but only the Baltic states and Finland have the necessary infrastructure.

Despite the challenges, Ukraine's railway operators remain committed to maintaining operations, while partners continue to offer support, including the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank.