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The Bank of Japan (BOJ) increased interest rates to a 31-year high of 1.25 percent on September 18, signaling its intention to continue raising borrowing costs amid persistent inflation due to surging oil prices. This move, however, did not strengthen the yen, which instead weakened as investors focused on the lack of definitive hawkish guidance and two dissenting votes from board members Toichiro Asada and Ayano Sato.

Hirofumi Suzuki, chief FX strategist at SMBC, noted that while the rate hike matched market expectations, the dissenting votes were unexpected, contributing to a dovish impression. The BOJ's decision comes following hikes by its European and US counterparts, underscoring the global focus on inflation risks driven by geopolitical tensions, fiscal policies, and demand for AI investments.

The BOJ's decision marks its first rate increase in three months and brings rates closer to the neutral level the central bank aims for, moving away from decades of low rates. However, the yen fell to 156.91 per dollar following the announcement due to the dovish dissent and expectations of more cautious monetary tightening. The BOJ aims to achieve a 2 percent inflation target but reported that underlying inflation approached this level, driven by higher wages and increased consumer price pressures.

Markets are eagerly anticipating Governor Kazuo Ueda's forthcoming news conference for insights on future rate hikes, with many markets focusing on whether the BOJ will remain cautious in tightening monetary policy.