Fuel protests reveal the economic risks threatening Syria’s fragile transition - analysis

In Syria, a series of fuel protests have emerged, revealing the economic risks facing the nation's fragile post-conflict transition. The government recently raised diesel prices by 40% to 175 Syrian pounds ($1.32) per liter, a significant burden for a country still rebuilding after years of war. Protesters have blocked roads, set tires ablaze, and ignited debris, demonstrating widespread discontent.

These demonstrations have occurred across the country, affecting major cities such as Aleppo, Daraa, Deir Ezzor, and Hasakah. This wave of unrest poses a serious challenge to President Bashar al-Assad's regime, which is already grappling with numerous pressures.

Syria's economic stability is further threatened by the broader regional energy crisis, which stems from the ongoing conflict with Iran. As the crisis intensifies, energy companies have begun to invest in Syria, and Iraq has been exporting oil through the country, complicating the situation. On September 14, a significant US business delegation visited Damascus, comprising 50 companies and over 80 participants.

The delegation, led by US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Jake McGee, aimed to encourage American investment in Syria, highlighting the nation's potential for economic growth.

Since the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024, Syria has experienced profound changes. The rapid offensive by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) led to the capture of Aleppo and Damascus, marking the end of over five decades of Assad family rule. HTS, initially part of al-Qaeda-linked groups, emerged as Syria's transitional president, aiming to transform the former rebel movement into the foundation of a new government.

In October 2025, parliamentary elections were held, marking the first since the regime's fall. Two-thirds of the 210-member People's Assembly were elected through electoral colleges, while HTS leader Ahmed al-Sharaa appointed the remaining members. Despite these developments, unifying Syria remains a significant challenge, as the government seeks to integrate various factions, including the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces, into the national political framework.