Brics leaders call for reliable supply chains for critical minerals

At the Brics summit, leaders emphasized the necessity of secure supply chains for critical minerals critical to zero-emission energy technologies, warning against the weaponization of these resources. These minerals, including lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, graphite, and rare earth elements, are vital for EVs, batteries, semiconductors, solar panels, wind turbines, and advanced defense systems.

However, their supply is highly vulnerable to disruption. India is engaged in negotiations with Argentina, Australia, and Chile to secure additional lithium reserves, given its limited domestic reserves. The government has earmarked 30 minerals as strategically important and launched the National Critical Mineral Mission in 2025, investing Rs 34,300 crore in exploration, mining, processing, recycling, and overseas asset acquisition.

The Geological Survey of India has initiated 300 such exploration projects this year. The government is also encouraging private firms to invest overseas and bring back raw materials. Strategic partnerships with foreign entities, like Khanij Bidesh India Limited's collaboration with Australia, showcase India's commitment to diversifying its supply networks.

The domestic government is establishing critical minerals parks in key states to enhance processing capabilities. Experts highlight challenges in converting discoveries into profitable mines and reducing dependence on foreign supply chains. The government is exploring an incentive scheme for recycling critical minerals from e-waste, potentially meeting up to 25-30% of India's needs.