CynoBrain: A unified high-resolution framework for cross-modal data integration for macaque brain mapping

The cynomolgus macaque serves as a popular primate model in neuroscience, but existing brain atlas resources have limitations. They lack high resolution and a standardized method for integrating various types of data, such as structural, molecular, and connectivity information, all within a shared reference space.

In response to these challenges, researchers have developed CynoBrain, a sophisticated multi-modal brain atlas. This atlas is constructed from population-averaged MRI data captured at a remarkable 9.4 Tesla, resulting in an impressive 75 micron isotropic template. This high-resolution template significantly enhances the level of detail available for brain mapping.

To complement the MRI template, a co-registered whole-brain autofluorescence template is also included in CynoBrain. This template meticulously resolves cytoarchitectural boundaries that may not be discernible in the MRI data.

CynoBrain incorporates three major parcellation schemes – D99, M132, and SARM – all within its own unique space. This allows for a more standardized approach to categorizing and analyzing brain regions.

Additionally, CynoBrain features spatial transcriptomic data, which has been converted from traditional 2D sections into a volumetric format suitable for common space. This six-layer cortical segmentation provides a comprehensive view of the entire cortex.

The framework's true strength lies in its ability to integrate data from various sources. For example, 2D retrograde tracing data, which is typically analyzed in two dimensions, can now be reconstructed and mapped into CynoBrain space. This enables researchers to compile volumetric representations of 2D macaque brain mapping data across different subjects.

To facilitate access to the CynoBrain platform, researchers have created an online interactive interface. This interactive platform ensures that all aspects of the CynoBrain framework are readily available for anyone interested in cross-modal data integration within primate neuroscience. Overall, CynoBrain represents a unified and comprehensive solution for macaque brain mapping, offering high-resolution data and the ability to integrate diverse types of information.