The rebuilding in Nepal needs to start now. This is what worked after an earthquake a decade ago – and what to avoid

In the wake of the recent devastating floods in Nepal, August 26th marked an urgent need for life-saving measures and aid. However, the recovery process must also begin laying the groundwork for a sustainable future. Balancing immediate relief efforts with long-term recovery is crucial for ensuring a positive trajectory. The key considerations include rebuilding homes, utilizing aid funding effectively, and engaging with affected communities.

Following the 2015 earthquake that struck Nepal and claimed nearly 9,000 lives, I spearheaded a review of the recovery efforts of the 15 largest international NGOs and their partners. These organizations had received around US$100 million in funding from the UK’s Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) and the Canadian Humanitarian Coalition. Although the 2015 earthquake and the recent flood catastrophe differ in scale and severity, valuable lessons can still be drawn from them.

Cash donations play a significant role in post-disaster recovery. Providing direct cash transfers to survivors gives them the control to buy essential items like medicine, food, or rent. The United Nations' appeals to donors have also highlighted the importance of cash aid in giving families the dignity to purchase essential goods and stimulate local economies.

However, the funds cannot solely be used for short-term relief. NGOs must also support long-term recovery efforts, such as helping farmers regain their livelihoods or repairing water systems for safe drinking water access.

Temporary housing solutions can be problematic if not properly managed. In the aftermath of the 2015 earthquake, temporary shelters accounted for 55% of the funds provided. Aid agencies should prioritize using local materials and skills for temporary shelters, aiming for quick reconstruction of destroyed houses. Nepal, facing the approaching winter, should prioritize permanent rebuilding as soon as possible.

Regarding the rebuilding location, communities devastated by the flood may need to relocate, especially given the possibility of further deluges from melting glaciers. Communities have a strong connection to their land, and making these decisions quickly is essential to prevent temporary housing from becoming permanent. Corruption remains a concern, as after the 2015 earthquake, bureaucratic red tape and bribery hindered the recovery process.

International NGOs and donors must resist paying bribes in Nepal and be vigilant about potential misappropriation of aid funds.

Lastly, aid agencies must actively listen to the communities they serve. Affected communities should be seen as agents of their own recovery. In 2015, community engagement was often limited due to speed or donor contracting requirements. Women, in particular, felt that their specific needs weren't being met, including adequate shelter, financial support, healthcare, and clean water and sanitation. Aid agencies should conduct thorough needs assessments to ensure their support is tailored effectively.