From Iraq to Yemen: How Iran is rebuilding its proxy network

Iran is rebuilding its network of armed allies in the Middle East, with a particular focus on Iraq and Yemen, following Hamas and Hezbollah's major losses. Recent Houthi missile and drone attacks on Saudi Arabia and oil facilities highlight the growing threat posed by these groups. Saudi authorities and the United States launched joint air strikes against Iraqi militias, killing several fighters and Iranian advisers.

Iraqi militias are increasingly working with Houthi forces, as seen in the attacks on Saudi oil facilities in July. The Houthis have more advanced military capabilities, including ballistic and cruise missiles, drones, and unmanned underwater systems, allowing them to strike targets far beyond their control. While Iran still backs the Houthis, the Yemeni group has its own agenda and is not merely a proxy for Tehran.

Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces, which includes Iran-backed factions, face challenges in disarming and avoiding becoming embroiled in the regional conflict.