Flushing the toilet can release a ‘plume’ of breathable pathogens – and closing the lid won’t stop their escape

A recent study reveals that flushing toilets can emit particles into the "breathing zone" of humans, potentially carrying harmful pathogens such as legionella, influenza, and norovirus. The research, conducted by Flinders University, analyzed 22 studies on toilet-generated aerosols and found that more turbulent flushing results in a greater release of these airborne particles. While closing the toilet lid might not entirely prevent the escape of pathogens, researchers advise doing so as a precautionary measure.

Previous research has highlighted public toilets as a hub for microorganisms, with varying reports regarding the transmission of diseases like Covid-19 through toilet aerosols. The study's lead author, PhD student Lira Adiyani, suggests that higher water volumes and turbulence during flushing increase the number of particles suspended in the air, although the influence of bathroom ventilation and lid position remains uncertain.

Dr. Harriet Whiley, a professor of environmental health, emphasized that the effects of indoor aerosols have been "understudied," despite the potential risks to human health. She acknowledged that the findings have important implications for risk assessment, building design, and infection control, particularly in light of water scarcity and emerging infectious diseases.

Environmental health professor Dr. Lotti Tajouri, while not part of the research team, warned of the broader dangers present in public toilets. He recommended avoiding touching any surfaces in the bathroom and washing hands thoroughly afterward, as toilets can harbor various microorganisms, including those posing risks to immunocompromised individuals.