We’re not protecting our oceans as well as we think: new research
Overfishing and poor enforcement are just two reasons marine ecosystems are struggling to recover.
Recent research reveals that our ocean conservation efforts may not be as effective as we believe. Historically, we believed the ocean to be an infinite resource, with an endless supply of fish. However, this notion has proven false. A significant portion of the world's oceans are now overfished. Despite more intensive fishing practices and advanced equipment, the total number of fish caught has remained stagnant, indicating that there are simply fewer fish left to catch.
In addition to overfishing, climate change and other human-induced pressures are further stressing marine species. While governments are working to mitigate further damage by establishing marine protected areas (MPAs), our new research suggests these areas may not be as effective as previously thought. The Australasian snapper, a common coastal fish species, serves as a case in point.
Global governments and communities have become increasingly aware of the various threats facing our oceans, such as fishing, marine heatwaves, and overabundant species. As a result, countries worldwide have been rapidly expanding the coverage of MPAs over the past three decades. The international goal of protecting at least 30% of the ocean by 2030, known as the "30 by 30" target, is a prime example. Currently, approximately 10% of the ocean is officially designated as protected.
However, our research indicates that less than 2% of the ocean is actually within MPAs where ecosystems are recovering. This optimistic estimate assumes strict adherence to fishing regulations within these areas, which is rarely the case. Many countries do not comply with these regulations, rendering the effectiveness of MPAs questionable. Even a small level of non-compliance can put pressure on marine populations and undermine conservation efforts.
To ensure MPAs work effectively, we need to enhance protection on paper and in practice by strengthening fishing rule compliance. Additionally, stakeholders must be aware of and actively involved in marine stewardship. However, we cannot manage what we cannot see. Therefore, an ongoing coordinated strategy for monitoring marine species, both within and outside protected areas, is essential.
Without this, we risk overestimating the success of the world's protected areas while ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate beneath the surface.
Written by urgent.news from The Conversation AU's reporting — not their text. Machine-written — may contain errors; check the original before relying on it.
