Kids don't get sick in the fall because their immune systems are weakened, says specialist

In the weeks following the start of kindergarten and the school year, respiratory infections among children surge significantly. Contrary to popular belief, this spike is not due to a weakened immune system, but rather the return to group settings, indoor environments, altered daily routines, and the rapid spread of viruses. Dr. Laura Kossuth, a specialist at Semmelweis University's Pediatric Center, explains that the larger number of children returning to group settings simultaneously upon the start of school facilitates the spread of respiratory viruses.

Several factors contribute to the increased risk of illness as children transition back to school and kindergarten. They wake up earlier, often get less sleep, experience changes in their daily routines, and may face emotional stress from returning to a group setting. Additionally, their eating habits may change, outdoor time may decrease, and they are exposed to numerous new pathogens.

These alterations do not weaken the immune system, but rather create a perfect storm for infection due to increased community contact and exposure to pathogens.

Throughout the fall and winter months, several respiratory viruses, including RSV and the influenza virus, can cause illness in children. Identifying the specific virus causing the symptoms can be difficult, as symptoms like a runny nose, cough, sore throat, fatigue, loss of appetite, or fever are common to multiple infections. In such cases, using symptom-checking tools like Semmelweis HELP can help families determine the appropriate course of action, including when to seek medical attention.

Antibiotics are generally not necessary for early fall illnesses, as they are predominantly viral in nature. Their use is warranted only in cases of bacterial infection. Dr. Kossuth emphasizes that frequent illnesses do not strengthen the immune system, as respiratory viruses are highly diverse and rapidly mutate. Vaccines, on the other hand, offer safer protection against preventable infections.

While infections cannot be completely avoided, parents can help ensure their children start the school year well-prepared by prioritizing adequate sleep, a balanced diet, regular exercise, hydration, and outdoor time. Learning proper hand hygiene, coughing and sneezing etiquette, and not sharing water bottles or flatware is also crucial.

Incorporating regular ventilation in classrooms and ensuring adequate vitamin D intake can also help reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. It is essential to consult with a pediatrician regarding appropriate vitamin D dosage, as sunlight exposure decreases during the fall season. Ultimately, the decision to keep a sick child in a group setting should be based on the child's overall condition, rather than solely relying on symptoms like a runny nose or cough.

If the child has a fever, is lethargic, or unable to participate in daily activities, they require rest and care at home. If the child is otherwise well, a mild cold alone may not be a reason to keep them away from kindergarten or school, provided the institution's epidemiological and absence policies are considered.